Abstract
Our attempts in the preparation of smectite intercalation compounds by solid-solid reactions are reviewed. Various guest substances, including both cationic and nonionic species, metal complexes, and metal sulfide nanoparticles, have been immobilized in the interlayer spaces of smectites. Organoammonium ions were incorporated in the interlayer spaces by the solid-state cation exchange process. The adsorption of nonionic molecules into pristine and organically modified smectites was also possible. Solid-state intercalation was completed within a few minutes at room temperature. The interactions of sulfide ions with the interlayer cations of smectite via adsorption led to smectite-metal sulfide hybrids. Adsorption and in situ formation of both complexes and metal sulfides in smectites were observed, when homoionic (Na(I)-, K(I)-, Rb(I)-, NH_4(I)-, Ca(II)-, Co(II)-, Cu(II)-, Ni(II)-, Cd(II)-, Li(I)-, Al(III)-, Zn(II)- and Mn(II)-) smectites were ground with the appropriate ligands (diimines, 18-crown-6-ether, thioacetamide, thiourea, 8-hydroxyquinoline, as well as sodium sulfide).
