Abstract
Abstract Despite the advanced safety features in modern vehicles, accidents caused by unintended acceleration continue to occur, with “pedal misapplication” being a primary cause and a significant factor in serious accidents. The incidence of such errors is particularly high among elderly drivers. Autonomous emergency braking systems have limitations and cannot prevent all pedal misapplication accidents. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms behind these errors and developing effective preventive measures are crucial. Even elderly drivers without signs of dementia are prone to pedal misapplication, indicating that motor functions play a significant role. In this study, the control of lower limb joint mobility and muscle activity during pedal operation was analyzed, and specific indicators unique to elderly drivers were identified. The results revealed that the ability to adjust the speed and output of movement was insufficient in elderly drivers, and their capacity to suppress muscle activity declined. Reduced range of motion in the hip joints and diminished sensory function associated with aging may contribute to errors such as pressing both pedals simultaneously. Additionally, chronic conditions, including those caused by n eurological d iseases, a re r isk f actors a ssociated w ith p edal m isapplication. Even i n p atients w ith hemiplegic stroke, abnormal muscle activity was observed during pedal operation on the non-paralyzed side, potentially compromising the safety of such actions. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly evident that declines in motor control due to aging and neurological impairments are important factors associated with the occurrence of pedal misapplication accidents. Additionally, factors such as task focus during driving and dispersion of attention can affect pedal operation accuracy, with declines in both cognitive and motor functions being closely associated with these errors. Therefore, implementing comprehensive preventive measures that address not only cognitive functions but also motor functions is essential for preventing accidents involving elderly drivers.
