2021 Volume 71 Issue 4 Pages 231-237
This study aimed to develop a questionnaire for the gingivitis prevention program for junior high school students and its evaluation method and examine factors associated with gingivitis using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. A questionnaire survey and oral examination were conducted involving 118 second-year students (66 males and 52 females) at a secondary school in Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture. The PMA-index (Schour & Massler) was used to investigate the status of gingivitis. The question items were based on the questions in the Comprehensive Diagnostic Programme for Periodontal Diseases in Adults (FSPD34 type), whose basic structure was the PRECEDE-PROCEED model as a reference, and question items considered to be relevant to junior high school students were prepared for each factor. The PMA index was compared according to the response for each factor. Furthermore, the response result for each question item in each factor was quantified, and path analysis was conducted based on the structure of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model using the total score as the score for each factor.
As a result, the prevalence of gingivitis (those with PMA index of 1 or higher) was 87.5%, and the average PMA index score was 11.7. Most of the scores were 0 and the maximum index was 22, indicating a bimodal distribution. Comparison of the median PMA index for each response category revealed that only the “number of brushings” and “presence or absence of regular checkups” were question items that showed significant differences. Path analysis showed that the Goodness of Fix Index (GFI) which is the goodness-of-fit index of the model, was relatively strong at 0.975, and is very suitable as a structural equation. Reinforcement factors and enabling factors had a significant impact on health behavior factors, and behavioral factors affected the PMA index.
