Abstract
Ellen H. Richards (Ellen Henrietta Richards, maiden name : Swallow, 1842-1911) was the first woman student and the first woman teacher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She was also the first woman bachelor of science and the first woman professional chemist in the history of the U. S. A. Ellen H. Richards began to wrestle with environmental problems by investigating the quality of polluted water in 1872, and unified several academic disciplines related to environmental problems, and founded a new discipline and named it "Oekology" in 1892. This was the original form of the modern science of environment. Then she respelled its name to "Ecology" in 1907. In 1904, Ellen H. Richards published "The Art of Right Living" on securing the living environment of human beings. The environmental ideas in this work consist of her philosophy of environment, the fourth "R", "self control" idea, the ethical ideas between society and individual, individual and other individuals, and the ethics between the thing and the possessor. Especially her thinking about the ethic between the thing and the possessor can be thought to be the pioneer of modern environmental ethics.
