Risk factors associated with pin site infection in circular external fixation

Abstract

Background: Pin site infection originating from the skin around the pin is a serious problem when using circular external fixation. Its high rate of occurrence and risk of serious complications highlight the urgency to prevent and control this sequela. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of pin site infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the author's institution from April 2016 to April 2022. We selected patients who had undergone osteosynthesis or reconstructive surgery. Ultimately, 30 cases were included. Using the Checketts-Otterburn classification to evaluate pin site infection, we defined Grade 1 or above as infected cases and Grade 3 or above as severe cases. We performed statistical analysis of these cases based on patient background and surgical procedure. Results: Severe pin site infection was more frequent in cases of degenerative diseases than in those of traumatic diseases. Regarding surgical procedure, there was a significant difference in severity rates of pin site infection between osteosynthesis and arthrodesis. Conclusions: Severe pin site infection may be more frequent in cases of degenerative diseases than in those of traumatic diseases. Furthermore, particular attention must be paid to patients after arthrodesis.