Implication: Recently KOSA Forecasting started

Abstract

Recently Japan Meteorological Agency stated KOSA forecasting following China and Korea. This suggested that research of KOSA, especially research on long-range transport of KOSA, came to a kind of summit and new era also started. Microphysics of KOSA particles and their effects on climate and environment will be an important issue in future since it is hardly possible to assess those processes completely and those processes link to various research fields in addition to meteorology and climate. The importance of KOSA transformation was strongly suggested by the field measurements made in Japan and China in 2000-2003: reactions including atmospheric sulfur on the KOSA particle surface, phase transformation of KOSA particles, shape change of KOSA particles.
It will be important to use and apply the information given by the KOSA forecasting to academic fields and our social activities in future.