Abstract
In regards to the beginning of the domestication of the horse, from studies of the remains of horses excavated from the Dreivka remains of a sedentary cattle keep in the middle Dnieper Region of the Ukraine, it was found that the horse had been useful as a domesticated animal in 4, 000 B.C. Also, from perforations in the antlers, it was thought that as there were bridles with cheek pieces and, further, no wheels, sleighs and plows, there exists a high possibility that the horses were used for riding purposes. In this way, the use of the horse for riding had its beginning with the stock farmers in the Ukraine and gradually spread to the steppe areas. On the other hand, in regards to the use of vehicles and horses, in Mesopotamia, pictographs have been excavated from the Uruk strata in 3, 200-3, 100 B.C. which depicted wheels. However, these wheels used primitive wooden boards and, from material of the Ur Dynasty of the early Sumer, it is recorded that these carriages and chariots were drawn by donkeys and Onagers. Soon, also in Mesopotamia, horses were introduced through interchanges with the nomads and, conversely, the wheel culture was conveyed to the steppe areas. And, in Babylonia, spoke wheels also made their appearance which provided more maneuverability for the chariots. It was thought that these were innovations by the Indo-European Hurrians, Hittites, etc. Meanwhile, in the Orient, traditionally, vehicles were drawn by cattle, or, donkeys, which led to riding donkeys, or, cattle. However, from about 1, 500 B.C., riding customs spread throughout the Eurasia Steppe areas, which also led to the beginning of the west Asia Luristan Bronze culture in which metallic bits were invented. Through the advent of the metallic bit, it became possible to control rough and powerful horses which triggered great changes in world history. And, horse riding and wheeled vehicles spread to ancient Egypt, India, Greece and Rome. In ancient Greece, chariots existed about 1, 500 B.C. and in Greece, horses were given privileged status as mysterious animals akin to the gods, and in various forms, they are reflected in both the arts and mythology. They are Pegasus and Centaurs. About 2, 000 B.C., in the Eurasia Steppe areas, horse riding became popular and from about the 9 century B.C., the Kimmerians recorded in Assyrian literature and the full-scale nomadic Scythians made their appearance. Born were such nomad powers as the Saka in Central Asia, the Yuezhi and Xiongnu in the east. It is possible to see on many gold articles the daily lives and customs of these nomads. According to mythology, the domesticating of horses in China had its beginning before the Hsia Dynasty but there was no archaelogical evidence before Shang Yin (1, 500 B.C.) in east Asia but remains of carriages were excavated in Anyang Henan Province and carriages appear inscriptions on oracle bones. Basically, the east Asia carriage matches the west Asia carriage, but the east Asia carriage wheel spokes were characterized by multi-spoke wheels. This type of carriage developed during the Chou Dynasty and it can be said that the carriage attained its peak of development during the Ch'in Dynasty through the excavation of a bronze carriage from the mausoleum of Emperor Qrin Shihuang. Later, the Han Dynasty which unified China, in order to oppose the nomads from the north, organized a similar cavalry corps by reorganizing the armed forces which consisted of the traditional heavily armed infantry and chariots. And, in 101 B.C., introduced were bloodsweating horses of the west and fine steeds called Pegasus. The pictographs of these fine steeds were depicted in the wall paintings and on pottery. On the Korean Peninsula, the le lang jun was established by the Han Dynasty in 108 B.C. which brought about cultural influence fromChina which is evident in the bronze carriage equipment for horses and vehicles. On the other hand, prior to the Chinese influence in the norther pa
