Suggestion of estimation method of smoke generation rate by CFD simulation and fire experiments in full-scale tunnels

Abstract

The present study clarified the smoke generation rate in a tunnel fire, which is essential data for the planning of emergency measures. The smoke generation rate was determined by the least squares method using the results of full-scale tunnel fire experiments and three-dimensional CFD simulation. The following results were obtained. The smoke generation rate per unit area increases gradually with pool fire area, 3.12 to 4.35 g/(s•m²) in the case of 1 m², 4.18 to 5.85 g/(s•m²) in the case of 4 m². When pool fire area becomes 9 m², the smoke generation rate per unit area increases rapidly to 10.1 g/(s•m²). The smoke yield by gasoline reducing rate in the case of a gasoline pan fire with an area of 4 m² is approximately 4.4 - 6.8 % and reaches around 11 % when the area increases to 9 m². The heat release rate and smoke generation rate in the case of a large bus fire is nearly equal to a gasoline pan fire of 9 m².