The 2018 Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i, Shows Different Types of Surface Deformation Observed with the Cumulative Deformation from the Sentinel -1 Time Series and a Single ALOS-2 Interferogram

Abstract

 The Sentinel-1 time series (ascending track 124, April 20-August 24, 2018) covers the entire volcano, but loses coherence due to vegetation at its C-band radar frequency. The ALOS-2 portion of the image (to the right of the LERZ label) covers the Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) from track 089, between January 20 and May 22 2018. Surface displacements are depicted at 12 cm per color-cycle. Fringe patterns (color cycles) SW of the Kīlauea summit show deflation from sources beneath the summit and its caldera. The Middle East Rift Zone (MERZ) pattern depicts deflation as magma from both the summit and the MERZ deflate, feeding the dike opening and lava effusion in the LERZ. Broad fringes towards the coast are related to the May 4, 2018 M6.9 earthquake beneath Kīlauea's south flank.

Acknowledgements

 Analysis performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology under contract from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Sentinel-1 Copernicus data from the Copernicus Open Access Hub and the European Space Agency (ESA) and ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data from the JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), were processed at JPL by the ARIA project. The ownership of ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 data belongs to JAXA.

(Cover: © 2019 JPL-Caltech; Data analysis and caption: Paul LUNDGREN, Japanese explanation: Akiko TANAKA)