Prevention of a Nosocomial Infection Caused by Influenza Virus A Using Prophylactic Administration of Oseltamivir: An Observational Study with Review of the Literature

Abstract

Influenza virus infection in hospitals is a very important clinical issue. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of oseltamivir in controlling a nosocomial influenza virus infection with an observational study and case report. Intervention was carried out in a ward of the University of the Ryukyus Hospital. Symptomatic staff members were sent home for one week, and the infected inpatients were isolated. In addition, in an episode of influenza infection among the staff members and inpatients, oseltamivir (75 mg once a day for 7 days) was administered to all staff members as well as inpatients who had had close contact with the influenza patients. In the hospital ward, eight staff members (nurses and doctors) and ten hospitalized patients were definitively diagnosed with influenza A viral infection based on results of a rapid diagnostic test. Although a relatively large number of the staff members and inpatients had an influenza virus infection, it was possible that the use of oseltamivir efficiently minimized a nosocomial outbreak. It was very difficult to diagnose influenza A virus infection based on clinical symptoms. It was possible to minimize and end the outbreak immediately by using oseltamivir prophylaxis. With a review of the literature, it is considered that prophylaxis with anti-influenza drugs are highly recommended in hospital settings.