Retraction：Evaluation of the site amplification factor with considerations of soil nonlinearity

- Seismic waveform estimation at the embankment in Fukushima City damaged by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake -

Abstract

A slope failure occurred at an embankment in a residential area in Fukushima City during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. In this study, to estimate strong ground motions at the site with high accuracy, aftershock observation was conducted at the site. At the same time, two improvements were made for the site-effect substitution method. One of them is the consideration of the effect of soil nonlinearity on the site amplification factor during the main shock. The other is the consideration of the contributions from two subevents for the main shock ground motion. The estimated seismic waveforms at strong motion stations with the improved version of the site-effect substitution method are very consistent with the observed ones, indicating the validity of the method. Finally, the improved method was used to estimate strong ground motions at the damaged site.