Color Vision Considerations When Determining Color Schemes of Display Panels for ATM Machines - Yellowish Red as the Base Color

Abstract

To identify color schemes for ATM machines optimized for those with type 2 dichromatopsia, we recruited 12 university students with normal color vision to assess images of ATM display panels. Students were asked to assess 11 samples (original images) of ATM display panels with different background and text colors on yellowish red as the base color, as well as processed images in which the original images were converted according to the color vision characteristics of deuteranopes. We demonstrated that the color combination with vivid or deep yellowish red as the background and white or light pale tones for the text color were considered easy to read for both the original and processed images. Both the original and processed images showed a strong positive correlation in terms of readability and reliability evaluations. Therefore, using color schemes with high readability may enhance usability and improve the sense of reliability and security for ATM operations. Furthermore, even for color schemes that conform to the standard contrast ratio, some were rated as significantly more "difficult to read" or "less pleasing" than other color schemes. These findings indicate the need for more detailed color scheme standards for each hue.