Single Flap Periodontal Surgery Induces Early Fibrous Tissue Generation by Wound Stabilization

Abstract

The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) yields favorable clinical outcomes for periodontal regeneration therapy. However, there have been few reports on the histological analysis underlying these outcomes. In this study, we created periodontal defects for investigate two different surgical procedures by histological assessment at the early wound healing process. The maxillary second molars of Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats at twelve-week-old were used. In the control (open flap) left maxillary, mucoperiosteal flap resection was performed on the first to third molars of both the buccal and palate sides. The right maxillary served as the experimental (minimally invasive) side and the resection was performed only on the second molar of the palatal side. Periodontal defects were then created to the palatal root of second molar at the both sides with round bur. On each of days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery, five rats were euthanized. Sections were prepared and subjected to hematoxylin–eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining on type III collagen followed by microscopic observations and statistical analysis. In the experimental side, the inflammatory cell infiltration disappeared earlier compared to the control side. The defect area was positive for type III collagen staining in the experimental side, which were significantly greater on days 1, 3, and 5 after surgery. The results suggest that wound healing accelerated by wound stability caused by fibrous tissue generation with type III collagen formation, using minimally invasion by single flap line periodontal surgery, caused by fibrous tissue generation.