Exploring African Students' Motivations and Experiences in China: A Case Study of Degree Students at Xiamen University

Abstract

The number of students from Africa to China has been increasing rapidly, but there is a lack of study discussing their motivations and experiences in relation to this kind of student mobility, which is different from traditional models. The purpose of this study is to examine the motivations and experiences of African students in China by focusing on students' individual backgrounds, and discussing the reasons why China attracts African students. A case study was conducted at Xiamen University, a national university in Southeastern China, using semi-structured interviews with 12 students from Ghana, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Rwanda.

The results showed four types of motivation. For the first type, “second chance,” students see China as a more viable alternative to studying in Western countries. As there is little chance to gain scholarships in the latter, they eventually choose to go to China. The second type, “career enhancement,” refers to those who have work experience and are seeking to develop their careers through the acquisition of higher degrees in China. The third type, “language, culture and city interest,” refers to those who are interested in learning the Chinese language and culture, and the living environment in Chinese cities. For the last type, “family strategy,” the decision to study in China is part of a family plan to develop the family business.

African students have positive and negative experiences in China. Positive experiences include the acquisition of cross-cultural understanding, the improvement of language skills and an increase in academic knowledge. Moreover, they appreciate the quality of education at Xiamen University and the speed of economic and social development in China. On the other hand, they encounter problems such as discrimination from Chinese people, and gaining access to internships and employment in China remains a challenge.

English programs attract African students proficient in English, which contributes to student mobility from Africa to China. Also, various scholarship policies implemented by the Chinese government are an important incentive. Furthermore, deepening economic relationships between China and Africa are promoting students' career development. Finally, African students who gain positive experiences are willing to recommend their families and friends to study in China.