Investigation of Extraction and Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Extract from Gnetum Montanum Markgr.

Abstract

Gnetum montanum Markgr. (G. montanum) is renowned for its potent medicinal properties and biological activities. Research focused on extracting its active compounds using maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods, with a particular focus on the polyphenol content. The maceration method demonstrated optimal effectiveness, with the highest polyphenol content achieved using 80% ethanol with a raw material/solvent (RM/S) ratio of 1/8 (w/w) and performing the extraction three times, resulting in 4.321 mg resveratrol/g of extract, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The macerated extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 5.23 ± 0.204 µg/mL for DPPH), effectively inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with MIC values of 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and demonstrated notable xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 6.15 ± 0.283 µg/mL). The Soxhlet method yielded 4.847 mg resveratrol/g extract and showed strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 11.51 ± 0.403 µg/mL for DPPH) and antibacterial effects, with MIC values of 10 mg/mL and >10 mg/mL against tested bacteria. Experimental formulation of tablets based on the extracts demonstrated that met the disintegration and mass uniformity tests, further validating the potential of G. montanum as a valuable medicinal resource. This study opens up avenues for the development of future health protection products derived from this plant.