Study of Texture Appearance Using Computer Graphics

Applicability of using parameters of the Phong model

Abstract

We have compared differences in texture between computergraphics displays and the actual materials. We evaluated the appearance of 35 actual samples (building materials, exterior materials etc.) and 40 samples generated by computer graphics using the Semantic Differential method.
Using Principal Component Analysis, we found that approximately 94% of appearance characteristics can be explained by five principal components. The appearance characteristics that can be described using the Phong model are the first principal component (gloss), aspects of the second principal component (density and weight), and the fourth principal component (clarity of appearance). The balance of the second principal component (density and weight) and the fifth principal component (metallic appearance), cannot be explained by the Phong model.
Glossiness is proportional specular reflectance divided by diffuse reflectance and specular reflectance, and the cubicroot of the exponential variable representing the surface glossiness. These relationships show how texture changes with diffuse or specular reflectance, transmittance and the exponent representing the surface glossiness.