Earthquake and Tsunami Countermeasures for Ships

Abstract

 On March 11, 2011 the biggest earthquake in the history of Japan occurred off the east coast and the subsequent tsunami devastated the coast and many ports of Japan. Many ships including small leisure boats, fishing boats, coasting vessels and even large ocean going vessels in the ports suffered major damages due to the tsunami attack. Almost all ports damaged by the tsunami remained closed for a long time due to many submerged debris in the approach channels.
 The authors investigated and analyzed the type and number of ships, and the degree of damage inflicted on the ships as well as on the port facilities to estimate the causes of these damages. Finally earthquake and tsunami countermeasures for ships including the evacuation from ports to prevent damage to ships moored in the ports were considered.