1969 Volume 41 Pages 41-54
The consumption of time and cost on the processing segment is considerably high as compared with the movement segment on the transportation of exporting general cargoes. It is the equal on the ship's operation. Then, it should be reduced the consumptions of time and cost on the stagnant process of ship and cargo, as much as possible. First of all, it should be rationalized of the management of ships and port facilities. The authors investigated the means of rationalization of management of ships and port facilities based on the physical distribution cost of general cargoes around the Yamashita pier terminal at Port of Yokohama. The scope for researching of cargo processing were limited to the receipt and handling, storage in a transit shed, transfering to ship side via apron of pier and by barge and ship's loading etc. On the other hand, the scope for ship's operation in the port were limited to the berthing process including with the waiting times for berthing at outer harbour. As results of investigation, it should be managed for the sake of reducing of physical distribution cost, as follows: (1) It should be managed to reduce of ship's waiting time for berthing.and berthing period for the loading, because the influence of demurrage is considerably high. (2) The annual tonnage of cargoes which are delivered, should be increased in the interests to level down of cost due to port facilities. But, it should not be exceeded over ρ=0.75 that is utilization factor of berth. (3) The total loading tonnage per ship should be incrased in the interests to cost down of ship's management. (4) The loading tonnage of cargoes via apron of pier should be incresed decreasing the cargoes by barge for the sake of increasing of the loading efficiency.
