2025 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 69-75
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) began developing a regulatory framework for MASS in 2018. In the case of a manned MASS, it is assumed that the ship’s maneuvering authority is suddenly transferred from the automated system to the officer on board. Unfortunately, owing to this autonomous system, newer seafarers skills and experience may be relatively lower than traditional seafarers. Numerous emergency scenarios require rapid decision-making. Thus, elucidating experience-based attributes of response time is essential for expressing the competencies required for future MASS officers. In this study, assuming the realization of autonomous navigation at Degree 1 or Degree 2, this study aims to clarify the features of the time taken by ship operators to respond to an emergency, including the first actions taken as an emergency response.
The experiment was conducted with three groups: students, officers, and captains. In this experiment, a sudden transfer of the right to maneuver was simulated. Therefore, a whiteboard was used to keep the display out of sight until the beginning of the scenario. he participants maneuvered the ship to respond to an emergency by avoiding collisions with another vessel. The features of each group’s emergency response were analyzed based on the presence or absence of a collision in the scenario, the time required to respond to the emergency, and the type of initial response. According to the results, the response time of the Student and Officer groups in the non-collision team was relatively short because they judged that the time available to recognize the situation was insufficient and tried to make more time and distance. Furthermore, the response time of the Captain group was relatively long because they responded to the situation after gathering sufficient situational awareness.
