Improper Look-out as a Factor that Leads to Ship Collisions in Japan Characterized by MOP Model

Abstract

The 4M overturned pyramid (MOP) model is still a new model that needs to be further developed. The MOP model is based on 4M factors, consist of Man (M1), Machine (M2), Media (M3) and Management (M4), which the common factors to lead the accidents. A development itself can be implemented depending on the purpose of the study. In our previous work, we have discussed the results of the first step, corner analysis (CA). In this study, we focus on the second step, called line relation analysis (LRA). The LRA is conducted by analyzing in detail one of the results obtained from the CA. The accident analysis of the collisions is divided into three-time occurrence zones. The CA yields an improper look-out as the most common causative factor (CF). The improper look-out factor is further broken down into several types and the related CFs are traced. This study resulted that the disturbed focus of seafarers because of carelessness of the seafarers in monitoring/identifying any accident risk was the most common CF that led to accidents.