Abstract
With the onset of a shrinking population, there is a need in Japan for a new kind of community development based on engagement with outsiders. This study summarizes previous studies which discussed the involvement of outside parties in community development and highlights the issues raised. Accordingly, the authors propose a typological model that captures the characteristics of engagement by outsiders from two viewpoints: “community development initiatives” and “community resources”. On this basis, we attempt to apply this model to the case of long-stay projects in Kushiro City, Hokkaido. As a result, it is shown that this model clarifies the actual circumstances of various engagements with outsiders and reveals the factors behind these transformations. In the future, by utilizing this model, it is thought that the community side can better understand the diverse characteristics of outsiders and conduct each engagement accordingly.
