Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

Abstract

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with cell surface antigens including NMDAR is antibody-mediated and often improves after removing the antibodies and tumors. NMDAR encephalitis sequentially shows prodromal symptoms, psychosis, hypoventilation, severe orofacial dyskinesias, and various autonomic symptoms. NMDAR encephalitis, which is often related with ovarian teratoma, is sometimes related with malignant tumor. Early diagnosis and treatment, including immunotherapy, tumor resection, or both, are important to improve or stabilize limbic encephalitis.