Apology and reflection in the context of clinical criminal psychology:Their meanings and implications for both victims and perpetrators

Abstract

This paper discusses apology and reflection from the perspective in criminal psychology and clinical practice. Specifically, it includes the followings: (1) reasons why people and society think it is necessary not only to impose punishments but also to require reflection and apology from perpetrators, (2) what those acts bring about, and (3) the way in which humans learn to apologize and reflect. In addition, the author will discuss what clinical professionals should consider and do to promote the process of apology and reflection. Finally, implications for future research in clinical criminal psychology are discussed.