Interface Reactions between Titanium and Porcelain during Firing

Abstract

To clarify the interface reaction between porcelain and pure titanium during porcelain firing, an electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA), X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the interface that was revealed after mechanically peeling.Separation occurred partly at the interface between titanium and porcelain and partly slightly inside the porcelain after firing three times at 760℃.In the surface layer of the titanium side, only oxygen was detected as a diffusing element.Redox reaction was deduced from the X-ray diffraction results which indicated a decrease in SnO₂ and revealed β-Sn(metallic Sn).A considerable amount of Ti₂O was formed at the interface when fired at 760℃ for two minutes.