A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of Group Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Focusing on Time Management

Abstract

This study aims to examine the efficacy of group cognitive behavioral therapy designed to enhance time management in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The eight participants were aged 20–65 years (average: 39.80 years; 7:1 female to male) and had a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD. Eight 90-minute-sessions comprising six life scenarios, where patients with ADHD have difficulty in time management, were conducted. Each participant and their family answered a questionnaire at pre-treatment (T1), post-treatment (T2), and two-month follow-up (T3). Regarding self-report, participants demonstrated significant reduction in inattention/memory problems, impulsivity/emotional lability, DSM-IV inattentive symptoms, and DSM-IV total ADHD symptoms from T1 to T2 and from T1 to T3, as measured by Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS). The patient scores were below clinical cutoff for all subscales at T3. For families' evaluations, significant improvement in inattention/memory was observed from T1 to T3. Subjective and objective efficacy of the intervention program was observed; the timing and perception of recognizing the therapeutic effect were different for the patients and their families.