Processes of Self-injuries: A Qualitative Study of Adolescents

Abstract

Research on the processes of self-injury is limited. Thus, this study clarifies the probable processes of self-harm in Japan. Twenty-two adolescents were interviewed, and the transcripts were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach (M-GTA). Participants engaged in various forms of self-harm in response to varying degrees of anxiety. Results indicate that two types of self-harm, namely, elimination self-harm (e.g., hairpulling and skin picking), and invasion self-harm (i.e., cutting and hitting), were prevalent among adolescents. These forms of self-harm were categorized according to the action used to harm the body. This study concludes that certain behaviors of adolescents engaging in minor self-harm may diminish over time. However, those engaging in severe self-harm can seek alternative means of dealing with anxiety, such as talking with friends. To support adolescents in overcoming self-harm and similar behaviors related to anxiety, this study provides useful input concerning the processes of self-harm.