Structure and Quality of Close Networks in Adolescents: A Study of Developmental Stage and Gender Differences

Abstract

Previous studies on adolescents’ interpersonal relationships have primarily focused on specific functions, such as support, or specific partners, such as mothers, leaving a gap in understanding daily interactions with close connections. This study included 801 individuals from 5th grade to university who responded to a mail or online survey depending on their age. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the importance of support from mothers and friends varied by the type of support required. Mothers often provided negative functions and became targets of arguments. Positive support tended to decrease with age, whereas self-disclosure in friendships increased. Girls tended to receive more support from their mothers and friends, whereas boys received more support from their fathers.

【Research Impact】

This study examines interpersonal relationships from adolescence to young adulthood, shedding light on the developmental shifts in close networks, offering insights into the interpersonal dynamics of Japanese youth in network functions. Additionally, the study introduces an assessment tool to evaluate interpersonal relationships, which will support developmental research and intervention practices.