A Case with Autism Spectrum Disorder Followed by Epilepsy with Eyelid Myoclonia

Abstract

The girl was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at 3 years of age. At 6 years of age, she was diagnosed with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia based on abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings and eyelid myoclonia induced by eye closure. Although she was treated with multiple antiepileptic medications such as valproic acid, lamotrigine, and perampanel, abnormal EEG findings persisted, and the developmental quotient (DQ) score declined.

Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia is a rare disease but an important syndrome that should not be overlooked. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher incidence of epilepsy than those without ASD. Early intervention for epilepsy and EEG abnormalities in infancy is important because they may interfere with the development of brain function. EEG evaluation should be considered for children with ASD, atypical findings such as eyelid myoclonia, or intellectual disabilities.