Abstract
Forest certification has widely accepted as integral tool for addressing SFM issues around the world. The primary purpose of this study is to discuss key issues of two types of dominant certification schemes-FSC and PEFC through a comparison of current statistics and status of program implementation. On the other hand, the important of another parallel approach which can be illustrated by the initiatives of the forestry sectors and governmental agencies being previously opposing segments of a broad range of stakeholders is discussed. The development of the FHPC is a result of consensus building based on societal values of what were acceptable forest harvesting practices to maintain ecosystem integrity and long-term socio-economic needs. The formula and implementations of these codes are far from perfect, but have significantly contributed to advancing forest harvesting practices. Two types of approaches-forest certification and practice codes, will play an important role as a "catalyst" and "powerful driver" towards responsible forest harvesting practices because these initiatives have requirements related to corporate environmental policies, industrial process planning, use of best availabletechnology, self-auditing, and a commitment to continual improvement.
