Gender and Relation of Life-Style to Morale in Older People Living in Regional Cities

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the morale of older people living in 7 cities (and towns), using the PGC morale scale, from the relationship between morale score and life-style. Data were collected from 1, 269 people aged 60 or more in the community (619 males and 650 females) in cities (and towns). A questionnaire included the PGC morale scale and 14 life-style factors. There was no remarkable gender difference in the morale score. The relationship between morale and life-style were different in both sexes and higher in males. Female morale when living with a husband is generally high. It is important for females to have a husband. In the relationship between economics and morale, economic satisfaction was considered to be more important than the level of income. Eating regularly, participating as a volunteer and having a best friend are related to morale, but factors of job, smoking, drinking and sports enforcement-frequency are not. It is considered that there is no significant gender difference, but the relationship between morale and life-style in older people living in cities (towns) are different in both sexes.