Abstract
Plectranthias pelicieri is described as a new species of anthiine fish from six specimens collected in 50-70 m at Mauritius. It is distinct in having dorsal rays X, 16 or 17; branched caudal rays 15; pectoral rays 13, none branched; lateral-line complete with 29 pored scales; 4.5 rows of scales on cheek; scales dorsally on head not reaching a vertical at rear edge of orbit; 3 ventrally-directed to antrorse spines on ventral margin of preopercle; third dorsal spine longest; a slender membranous flap from tip of larger spines of dorsal fin; an emarginate caudal fin; and a distinctive red and yellow color pattern with pale blue to white vertical lines on body.
A Seychelles specimen of P. gardineri (Regan) is illustrated for the first time in color.
