Phycomycosis in the Dermatological Field
Cutaneous Mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis
1978 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 114-121
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1978 Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 114-121
The review of literatures of twenty eight cases of cutaneous mucormycosis and of ninety one cases of entomophthoramycosis was made. The experimental studies by subcutaneous inoculation of various strains belonging Mucoraceae on the nude mice were also added.
1) Cutaneous mucormycosis in the world literatures were very rare and only three cases were reported in Japan until 1977. The etiological agents of cutaneous mucormycosis were fungi belonging Mucoraceae including M. corymbifera, M. ramosus, M. pusillus, R. arrhizus, R. rhizopodiformis, A. ramosa etc. The cases in Japan were caused by R. ramosus (2 cases) and Rhizopus sp.. The main predisposing diseases of cutaneous mucormycosis were diabetes mellitus, leucemia andot her malignant tumors including lymphomas.
Experimentally, the authors could make the cutaneous lesions on the skin of the nude mice by inoculating various strains of Mucoraceae including R. stolonifer, R. arrhizus, M. pusillus, A. ramosa, A. corymbifera. The emulsion containing spores 106-8/ml in concentration was inoculated subcutaneously by B. C. G. needle on the back of the mice. The inoculated area were covered by Drenison-tape (plastic film containing corticosteroid) with the method of occlusive technique. After 4 to 10 days erythema, swelling and subcutaneous nodules on the inoculated skin. Histologically, the nonseptated, wide, branching hyphae were observed in the inflammatory lesions of the dermis and of the epidermis. Spores were not seen in tissue specimens. The perifungal tissue reaction was very slight.
2) Sensitivity tests of 17 strains of fungi belonging Mucoraceae against various antimycotics: trichlomazol, 5-FC, griseofulvin, merzonine, nystatine, amphotericine B, were made. Amphotericine B, trichlomazol and merzonine showed good inhibitory effect in vitro, while inhibitory effect of 5-FC was very poor.
3) Entomophthoramycosis is a disease usually found in the tropical countries, such as countries in African continent, Indonesia, India and countries in South American continent. No cases were found in Japan until 1977. Entomophthoramycosis is divided into two groups: Entomophthoramycosis basidiobolae (subcutaneous phycomycosis) and Entomophthoramycosis conidiobolae (rhinophycomycosis). The clinical, histological and mycological problems were discussed.
