Abstract
AIM: To clearly define the term “patient anguish” and improve guidance for nursing based on this definition.
METHODS: We conducted a literature review of the Ichushi-Web database. This study targeted 22 articles referring
to patient anguish in the results and discussion sections of the 67 studies extracted. Additionally, 22 studies were
analyzed using Walker ＆ Avant's conceptual analysis method (2008) . RESULTS: A conceptual analysis of “patient anguish” in the literature produced 13 categories of attributes, 7 of antecedents, and 6 of consequences. Patient anguish was defined from the constructed conceptual model as follows: Unpleasant emotions that include physical, mental, social, and spiritual aspects affected by personal or external circumstances; that are difficult to self-regulate;and have a chronic, negative effect on quality of life. DISCUSSION: It was again suggested that nurses should improve their knowledge and skills and build relationships with their patients to reduce “patient anguish.”
