Abstract
Objective: Collaboration between community health and school health systems is crucial to comprehensively
support the health of children and families. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers and facilitators of
effective collaboration between community and school health systems and classify them into stages of a collaboration promotion model. Methods: In this literature review, the ICHUSHI online database was searched using the keywords “community health”, “school health”, and “collaboration” for articles published since 2003. From the 41 retrieved studies, 17 articles were included in the review. Descriptions of the barriers and facilitators related to collaboration were extracted from each study, coded, and classified into nine stages of the collaboration promotion model. Results: The most frequently occurring barriers and facilitator codes were classified at Stage 0, with many barriers related to “soft” factors such as individual perceptions, awareness, and understanding. Conversely, Stages 1-8 were formed by “hard” factors such as organizational structures and systems, that were predominantly facilitators. Conclusion: To promote collaboration between community health and school health systems, priority should be given to addressing the identified “soft” barriers (Stage 0). Additionally, strengthening the “hard” facilitators (Stages 1-8) could enable sustainable collaboration that is less influenced by individual discretion or organizational culture.
