Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia （TSK） for temporomandibular disorders （TSK-TMD） and to investigate its benefits.
Methods: We translated the original 12-item version of TSK-TMD into a tentative Japanese version by referring to the Japanese version of TSK with permission from the original authors. The original author of TSK-TMD also validated the quality of a reverse-translation of the tentative Japanese version of TSK-TMD back into English. Subsequently, we developed the final Japanese version of TSK-TMD （TSK-TMD-J）. Thirty-eight patients with temporomandibular disorders were enrolled to answer the TSK-TMD-J. For each patient, we calculated the total score and the subscale scores, which were activity avoidance （AA） and somatic focus （SF）. We also calculated the mean, maximum, and minimum values of the total and subscale scores. We assessed the frequency distribution and calculated Cronbach’s alpha to measure the internal validity. For patients with no subjective change in the pathological condition between the first and second visits, we assessed the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC）. The statistical significance was set at p＜0.05.
Results: The mean ± SD and maximum and minimum values of the total score of TSK-TMD-J were 26.7 ± 4.7, 36, and 14, respectively; those of AA were 14.8 ± 3.1, 21, and 9, respectively; and those of SF were 11.8 ± 2.6, 17, and 5, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.76. The ICC was 0.89 （95％ confidence interval ranged from 0.65 to 0.97）.
Conclusions: The TSK-TMD-J exhibited neither a ceiling nor floor effect. The results of this study also indicate that the TSK-TMD-J is an acceptable psychological scale with high internal validity and test-retest reliability.
