Abstract
Purpose: Burning mouth syndrome（BMS） is a type of chronic orofacial pain, which is challenging to diagnose and treat. This study looked at recent international review articles, and tried to confirm the recent international underatnding of the pathophysiologies, diagnosis, classifications and treatments of BMS.
Study selection: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, and WEB of SCIENCE databases were reviewed and evaluated to identify articles about BMS, written in English from 2010 to 2018.
Results: Fifty-nine review articles were identified. The first authors of the 59 review articles belonged to 19 countries and eight clinical departments. Forty of the 59 articles（68％） subtyped BMS as primary and secondary BMS, and 45（76％） of the 59 articles revealed that the primary pathophysiology of BMS was the pain of neuropathic origin. Only four review articles（7％）demonstrated significant relationships between BMS and psychological factors. In the 59 review articles, 70 treatment modalities, including systemic, local, and psychological methods were described. In the 36 modalities from 16 reviews with systematic review or meta-analysis, cognitive-behavioral therapy, topical clonazepam, and oral gabapentin were considered as possible effective treatments.
Conclusion: International consensus of BMS about pathophysiologies, diagnosis, classifications, and treatents are controversial even now. However, some evidence-based findings may support the patients with BMS in the near future.
