Abstract
Objective: Knowledge of primary headache is essential for orofacial pain specialists, as indicated by the fact that the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition （ICOP-1） describes as 5.1 Orofacial pains resembling presentations of primary headaches.
Methods: We extracted content considered essential for orofacial pain specialists from the International Classification of Headache, 3rd edition, and Headache Practice Guidelines 2021, and conducted literature searches as needed.
Results: Migraine is a typical primary headache disorder that interferes with daily life. It is classified into two types, migraine with aura and migraine without aura, based on the presence or absence of “aura” symptoms that precede the headache. Migraine headaches are paroxysmal, lasting 4 to 72 hours, unilateral, pulsating, disabling, and worsened by physical activity. During headache attacks, the patient feels photophobia and/or phonophobia that would not normally bother him or her unpleasant. Nausea and vomiting are also common. Tension-type headache is the most common primary headache. The headache lasts from 30 minutes to 7 days, is a pressing or tightening, non-pulsating headache, and is often bilateral. The headache is mild to moderate in severity and may interfere with daily activities but does not cause the patient to fall asleep. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias （TACs） share the clinical features of unilateral headache and, usually, prominent cranial parasympathetic autonomic features, which are lateralized and ipsilateral to the headache. Cluster headache is a most common type of TACs. The cluster periods usually last from a few weeks to several months.
Conclusion: The characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of typical primary headaches have been described with the latest information.
