Roles of Prostanoids Revealed From Studies Using Mice Lacking Specific Prostanoid Receptors

Abstract

The actions of prostanoids in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions have been being examined using mice lacking different prostanoid receptors.Prostaglandin(PG)I₂ worked not only as a mediator of inflammation but also as an antithrombotic agent.PGF_2α was found to be an essential inducer of labor.Several important actions of PGE₂ are exerted via each of the four PGE₂ receptor subtypes:EP₁, EP₂, EP₃ and EP₄.PGE₂ participated in colon carcinogenesis via the EP₁.PGE₂ also participates in ovulation and fertilization and contributes to the control of blood pressure under high−salt intake via the EP₂.PGE₂ worked as a mediator of febrile responses to both endogenous and exogenous pyrogens and as a regulator of bicarbonate secretion induced by acid−stimulation in the duodenum via the EP₃.It regulated the closure of ductus arteriosus and showed bone resorbing action via the EP₄.PGD₂ was found to be a mediator of allergic asthma.These studies have revealed important roles of prostanoids, some of which had not previously been known.