Abstract
We reported a case of an infant with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) developing leukemic invasion of the anterior chambers. A 5-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital because of symptoms similar to those of an upper respiratory infection. We diagnosed her as suffering from AMMoL by bone marrow aspiration. Induction therapy failed to achieve a remission. She developed hypopyon in both eyes, and the diagnosis of leukemic invasion was confirmed with anterior chamber paracentesis. Hypopyon was controled well by radiation to the eyes. She did not develop a CNS leukemia other than anterior chamber involvement. She received stem cell transplantation two times. Peripheral stem cells were obtained from her haplotype-matched father by using CD34 positivity. Remission, however, was not achieved. Four days after the second transplantation, she died from acute renal failure and hepatic insufficiency probably a result of thrombotic microangiopathy. Hypopyon in AMMOL is rarely seen. Infants undergoing antileukemic therapy should have regular examinations by an ophthalmologist.
