A Case of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection with Agranulocytosis

Abstract

A one-year-old boy with severe neutropenia during primary Epstein-Barr (EB) virus infection was encountered. Agranulocytosis without atypical lymphocytosis and pancytopenia was seen at the first stage. Typical infectious mononucleosis (IM) and hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) were not demonstrated. A bone marrow aspiration showed a myeloid maturation arrest. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) was effective to elevate the neutrophil count and improve the clinical symptoms. This case is reported because previous reviews of literature cited only a few cases of such agranulocytosis in association with EB virus infection.