Abstract
We described an 8-year-old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) associated with ureteral calculi. During induction chemotherapy, he complained of severe abdominal pain, which might have initially been caused by vincristine-induced enteroparalysis. He was treated with gas exhaust and enema, but pain deteriorated. Abdominal echogram and enhanced computerized tomography disclosed urolithiasis and left hydronephrosis. The calculi were excreted by massive hydration therapy, and were composed mainly of calcium oxalate. He was diagnosed as having fugitive hypercalciuria. The ureteral calculi in this patient might been caused by familial diathesis, administration of corticosteroid and acetazolamide, and long-term bed rest. Urolithiasis should be considered in a patient who complains of abdominal pain during induction chemotherapy for ALL.
