Abstract
Greater importance has been placed in recent years on the need for students to clearly see the effects of medication on patients. In this study, we examined whether a simulator is a useful implement in practical pharmacology training. We administered sympathomimetic drugs in a high-performance patient simulator, “SimMan 3G,” which had been set up to mimic a person in a healthy state. We observed on a PC monitor that epinephrine (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg) caused a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure, pulse rate and cardiac output in the SimMan 3G, as well as pupillary dilatation and sweating. Epinephrine (0.5 mg) was administered intravenously (iv), subcutaneously (sc) or intramuscularly (im). The levels of sympathomimetic responses appearing after the sc and im injections were half those appearing after iv injection. Epinephrine, norepinephrine or isoprenaline (10 μg/min) was administered at a higher dose than usual in iv drip form. Norepinephrine caused an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in cardiac output. Isoprenarine caused an increase in heart rate and cardiac output during and after administration. Dopamine or dobutamine was infused at 1, 5 or 10 μg/kg/min. The dose-dependent effect of dopamine, and also the differing effects of dobutamine and dopamine, could be clearly observed. Students were able to verify the relationship between adrenaline receptors and the adrenergic effect on the simulator. These results suggest that SimMan 3G is useful for practical pharmacology training.
