Studies on the snow-blight diseases of winter cereals.I. Changes in osmotic pressure and protoplasmic permeability in wheat cells under snow.

Yukio KOSHIMIZU; Tokuzo HIRAI

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.15.21

Studies on the snow-blight diseases of winter cereals.I.

Changes in osmotic pressure and protoplasmic permeability in wheat cells under snow.

Yukio KOSHIMIZU, Tokuzo HIRAI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1951 Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 21-25

DOI https://doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.15.21

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Published: December 25, 1950 Received: - Available on J-STAGE: April 03, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caus ed by three or four fungi (Typhula, Fusarium, Pythium and Sclerotinia) are widely distributed in Hokkaido, the Tohoku and Hokuriku districts in Japan. The present paper deals with the pathological changes in leaf-sheath cells of wheats in the course of snow-cover.
Osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells in leafsheath under snow was periodically estimated by plasmolytic method, and the cell permeability (both to water and urea) was also estimated by the end-plasmolytic method (SCARTH, 1939).
Osmotic value was always higher in the hardy varieties than in the less hardy, but its seasonal changes under snow were not recognized. Both water and urea permeability were tend to decrease gradually under snow and they increased after snow-melt. As to the cell permeability and wheat varities having different snow-resistance, the authors could not find any correlation between them.
The authors consider the decreased permeability to be a factor of physiological weakness of wheat under snow. At present the experiments are in progress on the changes of protoplasmic viscosity under snow in relation to the infection of snow-blight fungi.
Right : The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caus ed by three or four fungi (Typhula, Fusarium, Pythium and Sclerotinia) are widely distributed in Hokkaido, the Tohoku and Hokuriku districts in Japan. The present paper deals with the pathological changes in leaf-sheath cells of wheats in the course of snow-cover.
Osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells in leafsheath under snow was periodically estimated by plasmolytic method, and the cell permeability (both to water and urea) was also estimated by the end-plasmolytic method (SCARTH, 1939).
Osmotic value was always higher in the hardy varieties than in the less hardy, but its seasonal changes under snow were not recognized. Both water and urea permeability were tend to decrease gradually under snow and they increased after snow-melt. As to the cell permeability and wheat varities having different snow-resistance, the authors could not find any correlation between them.
The authors consider the decreased permeability to be a factor of physiological weakness of wheat under snow. At present the experiments are in progress on the changes of protoplasmic viscosity under snow in relation to the infection of snow-blight fungi.

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 5) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. I. Osmotic and bound water changes in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 267-284.
6) -&-(1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. II. Permeability in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Ibid. 14: 285-305.
7) LEVITT, J. & SIMINOVITCH, D. (1940): The relation between frost resistance and physical state of protoplasm. Ibid. 18: 550-561.
10) SCARTH, G.W. & LEVITT, J. (1937): The frost-hardening mechanism of plant cells. Plant Physiol., 12: 51-78.
11) -(1939): Estimation of protoplasmic permeability from plasmolytic tests. Ibid. 14: 129-143.
12) THATCHER, F. S. (1939): Osmotic and permeability relations in the nutrition of fungus parasites. Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 449-458.
13) -(1943): Cellular changes in relation to rust resistance. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 21: 151-172.
* SCARTH, G. W. (1939): Ibid. p. 139.

Right : 5) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. I. Osmotic and bound water changes in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 267-284.
6) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. II. Permeability in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 285-305.
7) LEVITT, J. & SIMINOVITCH, D. (1940): The relation between frost resistance and physical state of protoplasm. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 18: 550-561.
10) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1937): The frost-hardening mechanism of plant cells. Plant Physiol., 12: 51-78.
11) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1939): Estimation of protoplasmic permeability from plasmolytic tests. Plant Physiol., 14: 129-143.
12) THATCHER, F. S. (1939): Osmotic and permeability relations in the nutrition of fungus parasites. Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 449-458.
13) THATCHER, F. S. (1943): Cellular changes in relation to rust resistance. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 21: 151-172.
* SCARTH, G. W. (1939): Ibid. p. 139.

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: Wrong : Studies on the snow-blight diseases of winter cereals. I.
Right : Studies on the snow-blight diseases of winter cereals.I.

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: SUBTITLE Details: Wrong : Changes in osmotic pressure and protoplasmic permeability in wheat cells under snow
Right : Changes in osmotic pressure and protoplasmic permeability in wheat cells under snow.

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caus ed by three or four fungi (Typhula, Fusarium, Pythium and Sclerotinia) are widely distributed in Hokkaido, the Tohoku and Hokuriku districts in Japan. The present paper deals with the pathological changes in leaf-sheath cells of wheats in the course of snow-cover.
Osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells in leafsheath under snow was periodically estimated by plasmolytic method, and the cell permeability (both to water and urea) was also estimated by the end-plasmolytic method (SCARTH, 1939).
Osmotic value was always higher in the hardy varieties than in the less hardy, but its seasonal changes under snow were not recognized. Both water and urea permeability were tend to decrease gradually under snow and they increased after snow-melt. As to the cell permeability and wheat varities having different snow-resistance, the authors could not find any correlation between them.
The authors consider the decreased permeability to be a factor of physiological weakness of wheat under snow. At present the experiments are in progress on the changes of protoplasmic viscosity under snow in relation to the infection of snow-blight fungi.
Right : The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caus ed by three or four fungi (Typhula, Fusarium, Pythium and Sclerotinia) are widely distributed in Hokkaido, the Tohoku and Hokuriku districts in Japan. The present paper deals with the pathological changes in leaf-sheath cells of wheats in the course of snow-cover.
Osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells in leaf-sheath under snow was periodically estimated by plasmolytic method, and the cell permeability (both to water and urea) was also estimated by the end-plasmolytic method (SCARTH, 1939).
Osmotic value was always higher in the hardy varieties than in the less hardy, but its seasonal changes under snow were not recognized. Both water and urea permeability were tend to decrease gradually under snow and they increased after snow-melt. As to the cell permeability and wheat varities having different snow-resistance, the authors could not find any correlation between them.
The authors consider the decreased permeability to be a factor of physiological weakness of wheat under snow. At present the experiments are in progress on the changes of protoplasmic viscosity under snow in relation to the infection of snow-blight fungi.

Date of correction: April 03, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 5) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. I. Osmotic and bound water changes in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 267-284.
6) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. II. Permeability in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 285-305.
7) LEVITT, J. & SIMINOVITCH, D. (1940): The relation between frost resistance and physical state of protoplasm. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 18: 550-561.
10) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1937): The frost-hardening mechanism of plant cells. Plant Physiol., 12: 51-78.
11) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1939): Estimation of protoplasmic permeability from plasmolytic tests. Plant Physiol., 14: 129-143.
12) THATCHER, F. S. (1939): Osmotic and permeability relations in the nutrition of fungus parasites. Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 449-458.
13) THATCHER, F. S. (1943): Cellular changes in relation to rust resistance. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 21: 151-172.
* SCARTH, G. W. (1939): Ibid. p. 139.

Right : 5) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. I. Osmotic and bound water changes in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 267-284.
6) LEVITT, J. & SCARTH, G. W. (1936): Frost-hardening studies with living cells. II. Permeability in relation to frost resistance and the seasonal cycle. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 14: 285-305.
7) LEVITT, J. & SIMINOVITCH, D. (1940): The relation between frost resistance and physical state of protoplasm. Canadian Jour. Res. (C) 18: 550-561.
10) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1937): The frost-hardening mechanism of plant cells. Plant Physiol., 12: 51-78.
11) SCARTH, G. W. & LEVITT, J. (1939): Estimation of protoplasmic permeability from plasmolytic tests. Plant Physiol., 14: 129-143.
12) THATCHER, F. S. (1939): Osmotic and permeability relations in the nutrition of fungus parasites. Amer. Jour. Bot. 26: 449-458.
13) THATCHER, F. S. (1943): Cellular changes in relation to rust resistance. Canadian Jour. Res.(C) 21: 151-172.
16) SCARTH, G. W.(1939): Plant Physiol. p.139.

Abstract

The snow-blight diseases of winter cereals caus ed by three or four fungi (Typhula, Fusarium, Pythium and Sclerotinia) are widely distributed in Hokkaido, the Tohoku and Hokuriku districts in Japan. The present paper deals with the pathological changes in leaf-sheath cells of wheats in the course of snow-cover.
Osmotic pressure of the epidermal cells in leaf-sheath under snow was periodically estimated by plasmolytic method, and the cell permeability (both to water and urea) was also estimated by the end-plasmolytic method (SCARTH, 1939).
Osmotic value was always higher in the hardy varieties than in the less hardy, but its seasonal changes under snow were not recognized. Both water and urea permeability were tend to decrease gradually under snow and they increased after snow-melt. As to the cell permeability and wheat varities having different snow-resistance, the authors could not find any correlation between them.
The authors consider the decreased permeability to be a factor of physiological weakness of wheat under snow. At present the experiments are in progress on the changes of protoplasmic viscosity under snow in relation to the infection of snow-blight fungi.

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