Abstract
Exercise and physical activity are important to health and the prevention and treatment of many chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome. Low levels of maximal oxygen consumption are associated with high risk of chronic disease, and improvements in fitness are associated with a reduced mortality risk. Many recommendations for exercise and physical activity by professional organizations have been published. Current recommendations advise that physical exercise with light to moderate-intensity (Niko-Niko exercise) is available for improvements of obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. Exercise intensity is an important determinant of the physiological responses to exercise training. Additionally, the exercise program should be modified according to an individual's habitual physical activity, preferences, health status, psychological status, exercise responses, and stated goals. Health and fitness professionals need to play an integral role in educating their clients on the benefit of physical activity and exercise, and in supporing sustained behavior change.
