Menstruation-associated Symptoms : Primary Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Syndrome/Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Abstract

Menstruation-associated symptoms which are not caused by any organic lesions are classified into primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMS/PMDD). The former occurs during the menstrual flow and the latter during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both of them are repeatedly induced by hormonal fluctuations of the normal ovulatory cycle, affecting the quality of life of reproductive-aged women. Low dose estrogen-progestins are effective options for primary dysmenorrhea as well as PMS/PMDD, while the etiology is different between them. Menstruation-associated diseases, including endometriosis, are regarded as “modern diseases” that have been brought about by the changes in women's lifestyle toward the decline in birthrates. To promote the mental and physical health of reproductive-aged women, they should be aware that they can control menstruation instead of enduring it and be provided with healthcare measures in modern style.