2019 Volume 32 Issue 2 Pages 95-104
Children with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) have been seen by pediatricians and pediatric urologists. The JSPU (Japanese Society of Pediatric Urology) developed the guideline of treatment for cryptorchidism in 2005. Because the guideline was appreciated by many doctors who were engaged in pediatric urology, patients with undescended testicles have been treated according to the Japanese guideline. In Japan patients with congenital hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) have been treated according to the guideline of western countries. However, the guidelines for the Japanese patients of these disorders are required, because the medical insurance system is different from that in western countries. In 2016, the guidelines for patients with congenital hydronephrosis and VUR were developed in Japan by the academic committee of the JSPU. According to these guidelines, laparoscopic surgeries have become widespread as minimally invasive surgery. In addition, robotic surgery has just started in the field of pediatric urology in Japan. In conclusion, urological reconstruction surgery for children could be replaced with robot-assisted surgery, which may be proved to be minimally invasive surgery in the near future.
