Review of Brain Activities during Inhibition Tasks in Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Focusing on Nogo-P3

Abstract

This review examined prior studies on brain activity during inhibitory tasks executed by individuals diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). These meta-analytical studies have reported significant diminished Nogo-P3 in individuals with ADHD compared to those with typically developing (TD), with no significant difference observed in other brain activity metrics. Previous findings suggest heterogeneity in the origins, brain functionality, structures, and psychological characteristics of individuals with ADHD, despite the shared diagnostic symptoms. Studies have proposed that Nogo-P3 is influenced by factors associated with ADHD, such as arousal levels. The decline in Nogo-P3 in individuals with ADHD does not necessarily denote inferior inhibitory functions. Other indices may interpreted similarly to Nogo-P3. These indices may not have clinical value but could contribute to examining brain activity heterogeneity and deducing processes that underlie the behaviors characteristic of individuals with ADHD.