The development of the Japanese version of the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire-Revised (WFQ-R)

Abstract

The quantitative assessment of footedness is required in various fields, such as psychology, neuroscience, sports science, medicine, and medical practice. While the Waterloo Footedness Questionnaire－Revised (WFQ-R) is the most accepted measurement of footedness, a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is still not available. In the present study, we developed a Japanese translation of the WFQ-R and tested its validity and reliability. Five hundred and forty-seven university students (153 women) were administered the questionnaire online. Seventy-six of the 547 participants were tested twice to assess the test-retest reliability. We found that the Japanese translation of WFQ-R had a two-factor structure (manipulation and balance), as its developer proposed, and high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. These results suggest that the Japanese translation of the WFQ-R is a valid and reliable measure of footedness.