行動の予測因としての態度およびその他の変数に関する研究 (I)

井上 和子; 田中 国夫

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.44.195

PREDICTORS OF BEHAVIOR: ATTITUDINAL AND OTHER VARIABLES (I)

KAZUKO INOUE, KUNIO TANAKA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1973 Volume 44 Issue 4 Pages 195-206

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.44.195

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Published: 1973 Received: July 23, 1973 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The purpose of the present study was to specify the conditions under which an attitude of a given type is or is not related to behavior of a given type, and to search for other variables influencing prediction of behavior.
Fishbein's theory was tested in the context of actual behaviors such as blood-donation, smoking, cheating in college, premarital sexual intercourse, and train riding without a ticket. A simplified version of the theoretical model was used. According to the model, a person's behavior (B) is a function of his behavioral intention (BI), which is determined by his attitude toward the act (Aact) and his beliefs about the expectations of others, i.e., social-normative-beliefs (NBs). This can be seen in the following algebraic expression: B≈BI=[Aact]w₀+[ΣNBs]w₁ where B=overt behavior; BI=behavioral intention; Aact=attitude toward performing a given behavior in a given situation (i.e., attiude toward the act); NBs=beliefs about the expectations of others, i.e., social-normative-beliefs; and w₀ and w₁=empirically-determined weights.
A questionnaire was administered to 404 male and female students in the first session, and 413 in the second. Aact was measured on four seven-point Semantic Differential scales with high loadings on the evaluative factor. Three kinds of NBs were measured on sevenpoint scales: beliefs about expectation of family (FaNBs) of friends (FrNBs) of others in general (GeNBs). Both the sum of the three NBs and the individual NBs were used in the analysis. Others' attitudes toward the act (Aact_o)-an alternative variable for NBs-were included in the questionnaire, and measured in a manner similar to Aact. BI was also measured on a seven-point scale. Three indices concerning B were measured. As for the other variables, the kind of behavior and the sex of the actor were also considered in the analysis. The effects of these two situational variables on weights in the model's equation were examined using regression analysis.
It was found that, (a) Aact and NBs were effective as preditors of behavior, and including NBs increased the accuracy of prediction beyond Aact alone and (b) the relative importance of Aact and NBs in predicting BI and B varied with the kind of behavior and the actor's sex. As for smoking and premarital sexual intercourse, female subjects were more influenced by NBs than males. The reference groups varied with the kind of behavior and the actor's sex. Correlation between BI and B was high (.79) on smoking but low (.31) on blood donation. Although standardized regression coefficients decreased with B, the relative weights which were carried by Aact and NBs were almost the same on BI. Additional examination showed that Aact_o was less effective than NBs. Other variables, such as personality and habit, were discussed with respect to inconsistency between attitude measures and overt behavior or inconsistency between BI and B.
Right : According to Fishbein's theory, behavior (B) is a function of behavioral-intention (BI), which is determined by attitude toward the act (Aact) and social-normative-beliefs (NBs). Aact was measured by seven-point Semantic Differential scales in a questionnaire. Other variables were measured in a similar manner. Subjects were 404 and 413 students. Multiple correlations of Aact and NBs on BI or B were higher than correlations of Aact (or NBs) and BI (or B). Regression coefficients varied with behaviors and actor's sex. Thus, Aact and NBs are effective predictors of behavior. Relative importance of Aact and NBs varies with behavior and sex.

Abstract

According to Fishbein's theory, behavior (B) is a function of behavioral-intention (BI), which is determined by attitude toward the act (Aact) and social-normative-beliefs (NBs). Aact was measured by seven-point Semantic Differential scales in a questionnaire. Other variables were measured in a similar manner. Subjects were 404 and 413 students. Multiple correlations of Aact and NBs on BI or B were higher than correlations of Aact (or NBs) and BI (or B). Regression coefficients varied with behaviors and actor's sex. Thus, Aact and NBs are effective predictors of behavior. Relative importance of Aact and NBs varies with behavior and sex.

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