陽性・陰性強化子によるGSRの道具的条件づけ

鈴木 直人; 岡市 広成

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.45.83

INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING OF THE GSR THROUGH THE POSITIVE AND THE NEGATIVE REINFORCER

NAOTO SUZUKI, HIROSHIGE OKAICHI

Author information

JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1974 Volume 45 Issue 2 Pages 83-89

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.45.83

Details

Published: June 10, 1974 Received: February 06, 1974 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
Correction information
Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The present study was designed to determine the relationship between two reinforcers (positive and negative) within the same subject and the frequency of spontaneous GSRs.
In the first experiment, 1, 000Hz, 40dB was used as the positive reinforces, and 1, 000Hz, 90dB was used as the negative reinforcer. The experiment consisted of four periods: (1) a 10min rest period, (2) an 8min first reinforcement period, (3) an 8min second reinforcement period, and (4) a 10min extinction period. Interviews were conducted for all experimental groups. Fifteen students were divided into three groups: 1) Contingent-Positive·Negative Reinforcer group (C-PN) which received positive reinforcers during the first reinforcement period and negative reinforcers during the second reinforcement period, 2) Contingent-Negative·Positive Reinforcer group (C-NP) which received negative reinforcers during the first reinforcement period and positive reinforcers during the second reinforcement period, 3) Non-Reinforcement group (NR) which received no reinforcers during either reinforcement period. Presentation of either the positive or the negative reinforcer was contingent upon emission of a spontaneous GSR. The criterion of reinforcement was one-half of the average magnitude of spontaneous GSRs during the last 4min of the rest period for each subject.
The results are shown in Fig, 1. During the first reinforcement period, C-PN showed an increase in the frequency of spontaneous GSRs, C-NP showed a decrease and NR also showed a decrease. The analysis of variance among the three groups during this first period was significant (P<.001).
During the second reinforcement period, C-PN showed a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous GSRs, C-NP showed an increase but NR showed a continuous decreace. The analysis of variance among the three groups was significant (P<.01), too. According to the analysis of variance among the three groups of the last block of the first period, and the first and the second blocks of the second period, interaction between the Reinforcer and Time blocks was significant (P<.01).
In the second experiment, the procedure was identical with the first experiment except for the non-contingent condition. The presentation of both reinforcers never coincided with the occurance of a spontaneous GSR. Ten students were divided into two groups: 1) Non-contingent-PN group (NC-PN) which was matched with C-PN in the first experiment based on the frequency of spontaneous GSRs during the last 4min of rest period (Operant Level), 2) NC-NP which was matched with C-NP. Each subject received the same number of reinforcers per minute as had been received by his contingent pair-mate.
The findings are shown in Fig. 2. During the first reinforcement period, NC-PN showed a decrease in the frequency of spontaneous GSRs but NC-NP showed no change in the operant level. In conclusion, NC-NP showed a similar tendency in relation to C-PN and NC-PN showed the same tendency in relation to C-NP.
During the second reinforcement period, NC-PN showed an increase in the frequency of spontaneous GSRs as did C-NP and NC-NP showed a decrease as did C-PN.
The results were interpreted, as supporting the conclusion that the effect of the contingent positive (and/or negative) reinforcer in the first experiment was similar to that of the non-contingent negative (and/or positive) reinforcer.
Right : 2 experiments were designed to examine the effects of positive and negative reinforcers on the frequency of spontaneous GSRs. The first experiment in contingent condition consisted of 3 groups: C-PN (positive reinforcer-negative reinforcer), C-NP (negative-positive), NR (no reinforcer). The second experiment in non-contingent condition consisted of 2 groups: NC-PN (positive-negative), NC-NP (negative-positive). Each S in NC condition was matched with C condition based on operant level. The results were as follows. During the first reinforcement period, C-PN showed an increase as did NC-NP and C-NP showed a decrease as did NC-PN. During the second reinforcement period, C-PN showed a decrease as did NC-NP and C-NP showed an increase as did NC-PN. NR showed a continuous decrease.

Abstract

2 experiments were designed to examine the effects of positive and negative reinforcers on the frequency of spontaneous GSRs. The first experiment in contingent condition consisted of 3 groups: C-PN (positive reinforcer-negative reinforcer), C-NP (negative-positive), NR (no reinforcer). The second experiment in non-contingent condition consisted of 2 groups: NC-PN (positive-negative), NC-NP (negative-positive). Each S in NC condition was matched with C condition based on operant level. The results were as follows. During the first reinforcement period, C-PN showed an increase as did NC-NP and C-NP showed a decrease as did NC-PN. During the second reinforcement period, C-PN showed a decrease as did NC-NP and C-NP showed an increase as did NC-PN. NR showed a continuous decrease.

Corresponding author

Correction information

Register with J-STAGE for free!